THE 19th CENTURY
THE WAR OF INDEPENDENCE
In 1807, Napoleón Bonaparte, the Emperor of France, decided to occupy Portugal. The King of Spain, Carlos IV, allowed him to cross Spain. On their way, the French troops invaded some Spanish cities. This caused a popular revolt which forced Carlos IV to abdicate. His son, Fernando VII, became king.
Soon after, Napoleón forced Fernando VII to abdicate so he could proclaim his brother, Jose Bonaparte, the new king.
